The Covid-19 pandemic has elicited a number of unexploited areas in the way we operate. People have shifted to working from home and employing necessary technology, with some quickly adapting to it even as others still struggle in hope. The need for emergency centers as a result has also triggered application of faster construction techniques and innovation in various areas. The quick response that was witnessed in China is of great interest, particularly the manner and speed in which they were done.
The Huoshenshan Hospital in Wuhan, built on 645,000 sq. ft. with over 1000 beds on 2 floors was successfully put up in 10 days (January 24th to February 3rd 2020). That is a significant achievement in the field of construction, where time can never be equated to any usual dime. What did these folks do to achieve this? That’s a question we sought to answer by diving into the exact events that took place on that ground. Firstly, dozens of bulldozers and excavators were mobilized to level the ground. As the foundation laying continued, a parallel process of fabrication was being carried out in the factories where units of about 100 sq.ft fully equipped with medical equipment, were prefabricated then transported and installed on site. The machinery were also accompanied with over 7,500 laborers who worked around the clock, with sleepless nights (some slept for only 2 hours in 3 days!). An interesting bit was the live stream of the activities that was set up to enable citizens follow the process. That was a good mix of ideas, dedication and technology at work. This also applied to the Leishenshan Hospital of 1600 bed capacity built in 12 days.
Modular Construction
The construction technique applied by China as illustrated in the case above is an example of modular construction. This is a system of construction where modules are fabricated preferably offsite, then laid and stacked on site. The system can take two approaches. One approach is where prefabricated units are inserted into a steel framed structure on site. This is a good system to use especially when the building is to have many floors since the steel structure bears the weight. Another approach is prefabricating the rooms with fitted steel elements that allows the units to be stacked on each other. This system, is appropriate mainly when the floors are few. Ideally, the main concept is to bring several separate modules together to work as one building.
Benefits of Modular Construction
At Dezynbild Consult we take confidence in technologies that have significant benefits to you. In this case, we identified three major benefits of this system in any construction project.
Speed of construction: Modular construction can speed up work by up to 50%, according to a report by McKinsey & Company. This is of course dependent on other factors on site.
Cost: The system lowers the cost significantly, especially since the construction time is reduced.
Weather: The process can continue regardless of weather since prefabrication can be done indoors in the factories.
Challenges
The main challenge however is in transportation of the modules from the factories to site. Heavy duty cranes will also be required for offloading the units on site.
Modular Construction in Kenya
In Kenya, this system is yet to be adopted confidently since only a few construction projects have attempted it. Some effort to try this technology have been witnessed mainly in the application of EPS technology and precast concrete panels in housing projects. There are a few prefabricated houses too, especially using containers, otherwise referred to as cargotecture. This is majorly gaining popularity for commercial stalls more so in areas where temporary structures are most viable. Nonetheless, Kenya can attempt to use this technology in more construction projects.
The architecture of modularity
This architecture is an interesting one, based on its geometric principles and simple clear lines. Architecturally, it is quite restrictive though, since there is little opportunity to experiment with the form. The form is best orthogonal, to allow proper space utilization and faster installation.
Image Credits: CNBC
Insightful.
Interesting technogy... I wonder how long pre-construction stage took.
This is very interesting, we should try adopt this techonology
Quite interesting, given time has always been amongst leading challenges in the construction industry
Sure. The pre-construction stage must also have been a quick one, given that China had earlier done such a record time during the SARS outbreak, during which they built such a center in 6days. So they must have referred to that, to enable them plan faster.
This is a very interesting approach. Will Kenyans now shift their mindsets on Masonry and Mortar as a predominant method and embrace this construction technique?
Thats a fundamental question Weldon. This method could be effectively applied especially in the housing projects.
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